基于 Python 制作的热血足球小游戏

导语

最近有读者说我发的文章太水了，都是炒冷饭的，那就带大家整点新鲜的东西吧，反正估计今年都得"坐牢"了，炒冷饭的机会有得是。

好像好久没带大家写新的小游戏了，那么今天就来带大家写个简单的足球小游戏咯(与近期热点绝对无关，狗头戏谑)，废话不多说，让我们愉快地开始吧~

开发工具

Python 版本：3.7.8

相关模块：

pygame 模块；

以及一些 python 自带的模块。

环境搭建

安装 Python 并添加到环境变量，pip 安装需要的相关模块即可。

游戏实现

这里简单介绍一下原理吧，首先我们整个简单的开始界面吧：

```python

'''定义游戏开始界面''' def StartInterface(screen, resource_loader, cfg): clock = pygame.time.Clock() font, flag, count = resource_loader.fonts['default30'], True, 0 font_render = font.render('按任意键开始游戏', False, cfg.RED) while True: count += 1 if count > 20: count, flag = 0, not flag for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: QuitGame() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: return True screen.blit(resource_loader.images['background_start'], (0, 0)) if flag: screen.blit(font_render, ((cfg.SCREENSIZE[0] - font.size('按任意键开始游戏')[0]) // 2, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1] - 200)) clock.tick(cfg.FPS) pygame.display.update() ```

效果大概是这样子的：

方便起见，我们设置成了按任意键都可以开始游戏。

接下来，我们来定义一下球员类，球员分为电脑自动控制和我们手动控制两种类型，其中我们手动控制的核心代码如下：

'''更新''' def update(self, screen_size, ball): # 电脑自动控制 if self.auto_control: self.autoupdate(screen_size, ball) return # 静止状态 if not self.is_moving: return # 切换人物动作实现动画效果 self.switch() # 根据方向移动人物 ori_position = self.position.copy() speed = self.speed * self.direction[0], self.speed * self.direction[1] self.position[0] = min(max(0, self.position[0] + speed[0]), screen_size[0] - 48) self.position[1] = min(max(0, self.position[1] + speed[1]), screen_size[1] - 48) self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position if self.rect.bottom > 305 and self.rect.top < 505 and (self.rect.right > 1121 or self.rect.left < 75): self.position = ori_position self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position # 设置为静止状态 self.is_moving = False

电脑自动控制的核心代码如下：

```python

'''自动更新''' def autoupdate(self, screen_size, ball): # 守门员 if self.player_type == 'goalkeeper': self.speed = 1 # --沿着门漫步 def wondering(self): self.switch() self.position[1] = min(max(305, self.position[1] + self.direction[1] * self.speed), 459) self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position if self.rect.top == 305 or self.rect.top == 459: self.direction = self.direction[0], -self.direction[1] self.setdirection(self.direction) # --有球就随机射球 if ball.taken_by_player == self: if self.group_id == 1: if random.random() > 0.8 or self.prepare_for_kicking: self.prepare_for_kicking = True self.setdirection((1, 0)) if self.prepare_for_kicking: self.prepare_for_kicking_count += 1 if self.prepare_for_kicking_count > self.prepare_for_kicking_freq: self.prepare_for_kicking_count = 0 self.prepare_for_kicking = False ball.kick(self.direction) self.setdirection(random.choice([(0, 1), (0, -1)])) else: wondering(self) else: if random.random() > 0.8 or self.prepare_for_kicking: self.prepare_for_kicking = True self.setdirection((-1, 0)) if self.prepare_for_kicking: self.prepare_for_kicking_count += 1 if self.prepare_for_kicking_count > self.prepare_for_kicking_freq: self.prepare_for_kicking_count = 0 self.prepare_for_kicking = False ball.kick(self.direction) self.setdirection(random.choice([(0, 1), (0, -1)])) else: wondering(self) # --没球来回走 else: wondering(self) # 其他球员跟着球走 else: if ball.taken_by_player == self: self.switch() if self.group_id == 1: self.direction = min(max(1150 - self.rect.left, -1), 1), min(max(405 - self.rect.top, -1), 1) else: self.direction = min(max(350 - self.rect.left, -1), 1), min(max(405 - self.rect.top, -1), 1) self.setdirection(self.direction) if (random.random() > 0.9 and self.position[0] > 350 and self.position[0] < 1150) or self.prepare_for_kicking: if self.group_id == 1: self.direction = min(max(1190 - self.rect.left, -1), 1), min(max(405 - self.rect.top, -1), 1) else: self.direction = min(max(310 - self.rect.left, -1), 1), min(max(405 - self.rect.top, -1), 1) self.setdirection(self.direction) self.prepare_for_kicking = True if self.prepare_for_kicking: self.prepare_for_kicking_count += 1 if self.prepare_for_kicking_count > self.prepare_for_kicking_freq: self.prepare_for_kicking_count = 0 self.prepare_for_kicking = False ball.kick(self.direction) else: speed = self.speed * self.direction[0], self.speed * self.direction[1] ori_position = self.position.copy() self.position[0] = min(max(0, self.position[0] + speed[0]), screen_size[0] - 48) self.position[1] = min(max(0, self.position[1] + speed[1]), screen_size[1] - 48) self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position if self.rect.bottom > 305 and self.rect.top < 505 and (self.rect.right > 1121 or self.rect.left < 75): self.position = ori_position self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position else: self.switch() if (ball.rect.centery > 400 and self.player_type == 'bottomhalf') or (ball.rect.centery <= 400 and self.player_type == 'upperhalf') or self.player_type == 'common': self.direction = min(max(ball.rect.left - self.rect.left, -1), 1), min(max(ball.rect.top - self.rect.top, -1), 1) self.direction = self.direction[0] * random.random(), self.direction[1] * random.random() else: if self.keep_direction_count >= self.keep_direction_freq: self.direction = random.choice([-1, 0, 1]), random.choice([-1, 0, 1]) self.keep_direction_count = 0 else: self.keep_direction_count += 1 self.setdirection(self.direction) speed = self.speed * self.direction[0], self.speed * self.direction[1] ori_position = self.position.copy() self.position[0] = min(max(0, self.position[0] + speed[0]), screen_size[0] - 48) self.position[1] = min(max(0, self.position[1] + speed[1]), screen_size[1] - 48) self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position if self.rect.bottom > 305 and self.rect.top < 505 and (self.rect.right > 1121 or self.rect.left < 75): self.position = ori_position self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.position ```

逻辑比较简单，大概是这样子的：

守门员：就在球门边上来回走
负责上半场的球员：在上半场出现球的时候就往球的位置移动，如果捕获到了球，则往对方球门移动并随机射门，否则随机移动；
负责下半场的球员：在下半场出现球的时候就往球的位置移动，如果捕获到了球，则往对方球门移动并随机射门，否则随机移动；
负责全场的球员：往球的位置移动，果捕获到了球，则往对方球门移动并随机射门。

接下来定义一下足球类：

python '''定义足球类''' class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self, images, position): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.images = images self.image = self.images[0] self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.centerx, self.rect.centery = position self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image) # 球的速度 self.speed = 0 # 球的方向 self.direction = [0, 0] # 控制球的球员 self.taken_by_player = None # 用于切换球动作的变量 self.action_pointer = 0 self.count = 0 self.switch_frequency = 3 # 是否在运动状态 self.is_moving = False '''更新''' def update(self, screen_size): # 静止状态 if not self.is_moving: return # 切换球动作实现动画效果 self.count += 1 if self.count == self.switch_frequency: self.count = 0 self.action_pointer = (self.action_pointer + 1) % len(self.images) self.image = self.images[self.action_pointer] # 如果球是被球员控制的 if self.taken_by_player is not None: self.setdirection(self.taken_by_player.direction) if self.taken_by_player.direction[0] < 0: self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.taken_by_player.rect.left - 15, self.taken_by_player.rect.top + 30 elif self.taken_by_player.direction[0] > 0: self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.taken_by_player.rect.left + 30, self.taken_by_player.rect.top + 30 elif self.taken_by_player.direction[1] < 0: self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.taken_by_player.rect.left + 15, self.taken_by_player.rect.top - 15 elif self.taken_by_player.direction[1] > 0: self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.taken_by_player.rect.left + 10, self.taken_by_player.rect.top + 50 return # 根据方向移动球 ori_position = self.rect.left, self.rect.right, self.rect.top, self.rect.bottom self.speed = max(self.speed - 1.7 * 0.05, 0.0) if self.speed == 0.0: self.is_moving = False vector = [self.speed * self.direction[0], self.speed * self.direction[1]] vector[0] = vector[0] / math.pow(self.direction[0] ** 2 + self.direction[1] ** 2, 0.5) vector[1] = vector[1] / math.pow(self.direction[0] ** 2 + self.direction[1] ** 2, 0.5) self.rect.left = min(max(0, self.rect.left + vector[0]), screen_size[0] - 48) if self.rect.left == 0 or self.rect.left == screen_size[0] - 48: self.direction = self.direction[0] * -0.8, self.direction[1] self.rect.top = min(max(0, self.rect.top + vector[1]), screen_size[1] - 48) if ori_position[1] > 1121 or ori_position[0] < 75: if self.rect.bottom > 305 and self.rect.top < 505: if self.direction[1] > 0: self.rect.bottom = 305 self.direction = self.direction[0], self.direction[1] * -0.8 elif self.direction[1] < 0: self.rect.top = 505 self.direction = self.direction[0], self.direction[1] * -0.8 if self.rect.top == 0 or self.rect.top == screen_size[1] - 48: self.direction = self.direction[0], self.direction[1] * -0.8 '''设置方向''' def setdirection(self, direction): self.is_moving = True self.direction = direction '''踢球''' def kick(self, direction): self.speed = 12 self.direction = direction self.taken_by_player = None self.is_moving = True '''在屏幕上显示''' def draw(self, screen): screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

比较简单，主要就是两种状态：

被球员捕获，跟着球员走；
被球员踢出去之后根据球员踢的方向和设定的初速度进行减速运动，如果碰到边界则反方向弹出。

最后写个主循环就大功告成啦：

```python

游戏主循环

clock = pygame.time.Clock() while True: # --基础背景绘制 screen.fill(cfg.LIGHTGREEN) pygame.draw.circle(screen, cfg.WHITE, (600, 400), 80, 5) pygame.draw.rect(screen, cfg.WHITE, (10, 10, 600, 790), 5) pygame.draw.rect(screen, cfg.WHITE, (600, 10, 590, 790), 5) pygame.draw.rect(screen, cfg.WHITE, (10, 150, 300, 500), 5) pygame.draw.rect(screen, cfg.WHITE, (890, 150, 300, 500), 5) screen.blit(resource_loader.images['doors'][0].convert(), (8, 305)) screen.blit(resource_loader.images['doors'][1].convert(), (1121, 305)) screen.blit(score_board, (565, 15)) # --事件监听 for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: QuitGame() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE: QuitGame() pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed() direction = [0, 0] if pressed_keys[pygame.K_w]: direction[1] -= 1 if pressed_keys[pygame.K_d]: direction[0] += 1 if pressed_keys[pygame.K_s]: direction[1] += 1 if pressed_keys[pygame.K_a]: direction[0] -= 1 if direction != [0, 0]: player_controlled.setdirection(direction) if pressed_keys[pygame.K_SPACE] and player_controlled == ball.taken_by_player: ball.kick(player_controlled.direction) # --更新玩家 for item in players_group1: if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(item, ball) and ball.taken_by_player != item: ball.is_moving = True ball.taken_by_player = item for item in players_group2: if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(item, ball) and ball.taken_by_player != item: ball.is_moving = True ball.taken_by_player = item for item in players_group1: item.update(cfg.SCREENSIZE_GAMING, ball) for item in players_group2: item.update(cfg.SCREENSIZE_GAMING, ball) # --更新球 ball.update(cfg.SCREENSIZE_GAMING) # --更新屏幕 ball.draw(screen) players_group1.draw(screen) players_group2.draw(screen) clock.tick(cfg.FPS) pygame.display.update() # --计算得分 if ball.rect.bottom > 305 and ball.rect.top < 505: if ball.rect.right > 1121: return 1 elif ball.rect.left < 75: return 2 ```

比较简单，就不过多介绍了，按 WASD 控制上下左右，空格键射门。

完整源代码详见相关文件~